E - Cartography

Creating Maps for the Tanjong Leman region for the support of Inter-disciplinary Learning 
Lucas, Irfan, Mathilda, Celine, Jianing
School of Science and Technology, Singapore

Abstract

Our project is creating maps for the Tanjung Leman Region for the support of Inter-Disciplinary Research. We uses GPS units to create waypoints to find the coordinates of different location such as the jetty, village and beach. These locations are where soil and water are collected to be tested for it’s chemical and physical properties. Through this we can create a more detailed map of Tanjung Leman Region, which will help other group doing their research of water and soil identify the constants and differences at different location. 

1. Introduction

1.1 Goals 
We aim to map out our surrounding area, and by using our coordinates and data collected from our soil and water samples, design an eco-village for the residents of Tanjong Leman. We also aim to improve the lives of the residents.

1.2 Specific Requirements 
  • Create a map of the Bigger Leman area on foot using GPS.
  • Create a map of the Tg Leman area during the entire bus trip using GPS. 
2. Methods 
We went in separate teams. Our team of 5 broke up into 3 groups and went with other teams. Jianing went to the village with one group. Lucas and Celine went to the Stream. Irfan and Mathilda went to the jetty. We gathered information from different parts of the region, so as to help the other groups collect data on their location. Each team had a GPS unit to take note of the location coordinates. We also bring along our camera to take pictures at each waypoint location. 

2.1 Equipment List 
Google Map software downloaded in Singapore 
Mapping Software 
GPS units x 3 

2.2 Procedures

2.2.1 Finding the coordinates

Step 1: Click the menu twice to go to the main menu (as shown in figure 2.2.1) 
  
Figure 2.2.1                                   Figure 2.2.2                                      Figure 2.2.3

Step 2: Click on “Satellite”
Step 3: Walk around on in an open area to connect to the satellites 
Step 4: As the signal gets stronger, a map will appear automatically
Step 5: The arrow shows where your position is and which direction you are facing.
Step 6: When you are at the location, press and hold the joystick to create a waypoint.
Step 7: Name the waypoint accordingly 
Step 8: When you click on the waypoint, the coordinates will be shown  

  
Figure 2.2.4                                                       Figure 2.3.1

2.3 Error Analysis 
Our location might not be accurate as there is a margin of error, this can be seen in the top left hand corner of the screen, where it says “Location ±60ft”.

2.4  Making of map
Step 1: Find satellite images from Google Maps and other sources 
Step 2: Using photoshop, select the area which is not obscured by clouds on one map
Step 3: Overlay the uncovered part of the map onto another map which has same area uncovered
Step 4: Save the map with the cloudless features 

2.5 Calibration for map made to mapping system
We took points on the GPS and points on map and cross referenced the road junctions.
To calibrate the map to match the GPS (Global Positioning System) device, we identify 2 road junctions. The junctions on the map must first match the points on the GPS device. From there, the other points can be quickly be identified and marked.

2.6 Risk Assessment and Management  


3. Results 
The results of our experiment are as shown below: 

3.1 Maps produced (3 maps were used to make final map) 
Figure 3.1 Final Map

3.2  Map produced (waypoints) 
Figure 3.2 Final Map with waypoints 

3.3  Error Analysis
Margin of Error. 
If the display shows 31ft plus/minus, it means there is a inaccuracy of around 9.45 meters.
Some lag between satellites and GPS, which might cause an inaccurate location and timing taken.
When indoors, connection with satellite is lost, and thus location cannot always be tracked.

4. Discussion
4.1 Key Findings & Analysis of results
Our key findings are that the points on the map make a shape similar to the Big Dipper constellation.
The terrain of the land can change fairly quickly
There is a steep hill near the dock
There is a considerable amount of land occupied by forest

4.2 Evaluation of Goals 
We got all the waypoints needed for the map which is supposed to create the shape of a triangle. However, the waypoint we got does not resemble it. However, we still manage to create the map we want.

4.3 Areas for improvement 
Formation of Map
Better Software Understanding
Take Samples At More Regular Intervals

5. Conclusions 
5.1 Practical Applications 
We can use the acquired skills to make maps in future. The maps of Tg Leman can also be used on Google Maps for others to navigate around this area in future.  Our map can also be used for better and easier navigation for any future SST projects and research topics.

5.2 Areas for further study
We can have a more detailed map with the different buildings and the roads. We can also add visual landmarks onto the maps with waypoints so that people can easily find their location without having to consult the GPS in detail. 

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